O pH da região vulvar no ciclo vital: revisão de escopo / The pH of the vulvar region in the life cycle: scoping review / El pH de la región vulvar en el ciclo vital: revisión del alcance

Introdução: mapear os estudos que mensuraram o potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH) da região vulvar no ciclo vital da mulher. Métodos: revisão de escopo conforme recomendações do Manual for Evidence Synthesis do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), nas bases SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine e Google Acadêmico em janeiro de 2022. Foram incluídos estudos publicados em português, espanhol, francês e inglês, sem limite temporal. Resultados: dos 954 documentos recuperados, 13 foram selecionados. Apurou- se que os estudos utilizaram diferentes procedimentos para as medições quanto aos equipamentos, ambiente e preparo das participantes. A média de idade apresentada pela população feminina estudada variou entre 31 e 43 anos. Os locais de medição vulvar foram os grandes e pequenos lábios, dobra interlabial e períneo. O menor valor do pH aferido foi 4,6 e o maior 6,3. Conclusões: constatou-se baixa produção de estudos acerca do pH vulvar e ênfase das pesquisas na população de mulheres adultas. A diversidade de procedimentos e locais de aferição encontrados não permite afirmações seguras sobre uma faixa de valor de pH da superfície da pele vulvar.

Introduction: to map the studies that measured the Potential of Hydrogen (pH) of the vulvar region in women's life cycle. Methods: scoping review according to recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis in the SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine and Google Scholar databases in January 2022. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English, without time limit, were included. Results: of the 954 documents retrieved, 13 were selected. Different measurement procedures in relation to equipment, environment and preparation of participants were used in the studies. The average age of the female population ranged between 31 and 43 years. The vulvar measurement sites were the labia majora and minora, interlabial sulci and perineum. The lowest pH value measured was 4.6 and the highest was 6.3. Conclusions: there was a low production of studies on vulvar pH and an emphasis of studies on the population of adult women. The diversity of procedures and measurement sites found does not allow for safe statements about a range of pH values on the surface of the vulvar skin.

Introducción: mapear los estudios que midieron el Potencial de Hidrógeno (pH) de la región vulvar en el ciclo vital de las mujeres. Métodos: revisión del alcance según las recomendaciones del Manual for Evidence Synthesis del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine y Google Scholar en enero de 2022. Se incluyeron estudios publicados. en portugués, español, francés e inglés, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: de los 954 documentos recuperados, se seleccionaron 13. En los estudios se utilizaron diferentes procedimientos de medición en relación con el equipo, el entorno y la preparación de los participantes. La edad media de la población femenina osciló entre 31 y 43 años. Los sitios de medición vulvar fueron los labios mayores y menores, el pliegue interlabial y el perineo. El valor de pH más bajo medido fue 4,6 y el más alto fue 6,3. Conclusiones: hubo una baja producción de estudios sobre pH vulvar y un énfasis de estudios en población de mujeres adultas. La diversidad de procedimientos y sitios de medición encontrados no permite realizar afirmaciones seguras sobre un rango de valores de pH en la superficie de la piel vulvar.

Comparison of nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and growth curves can affect cognitive development, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Its etiology is related to food, socioeconomic, and maternal conditions. However, to date, no data on these parameters exist in the state of Goiás, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 529 individuals were recruited from a primary health center in the municipality. METHODS: To assess nutritional status, the sample was divided into three categories: 3-4, 5-10, and 11-19 years, with z-score classification considering body mass index for age. The classification of growth curves was performed considering the median height values for age, assuming two references: (a) young Brazilian population and (b) one recommended for international use. The independent sample T-test was used to compare anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The results showed that the classification of eutrophics represents a predominant percentage between both sexes (men: 03-04 = 55.4%; 05-10 = 57.6%; 11-19 = 53.5 % and women: 03-04 = 53.5%; 05-10 = 63.9%; 11-19 = 56.9%), and growth curves showed differences in specific periods in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that children and adolescents from the city of Goiânia present as predominance the eutrophic nutritional status, followed by the risk of overweight, underweight, obesity, and malnutrition of both sexes.

Diseño y Validación de una Aplicación Móvil, para el Diagnóstico de Anemia en Pre-Escolares. Estudio de Precisión Diagnóstica / Design and Validation of a Mobile Application for the Diagnosis of Anemia in Preschoolers. Diagnostic Accuracy Study

La anemia afecta a miles de niños. Para el diagnóstico se cuantifica la hemoglobina (Hb); técnica que no se encuentra al alcance de toda la población. Contar con un instrumento validado de fácil aplicación, puede ayudar al diagnóstico. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar una aplicación móvil (APP) para diagnosticar anemia en niños de 2 a 5 años, aplicable por padres o tutores. Estudio de validación de escalas. Mediante búsqueda bibliografía se recopilaron ítems y dominios relacionados con anemia en niños. Una vez reducidos, se construyó un cuestionario para pilotaje, con tres hematólogos pediatras. El resultado de este fue posteriormente validado por 22 expertos mediante aplicación de escalas tipo Likert. Los ítems validados, se contrastaron con la Hb de niños de 267 niños de 2 a 5 años de los andes ecuatorianos (2.560 msnm). Se determinó asociación de los ítems con Hb y con los resultados obtenidos y se construyó la APP. 14 ítems fueron analizados. Todos ellos puntuaron sobre la mediana de la distribución (35,5 puntos) y fueron valorados por, al menos el 50 % de los expertos. Se seleccionaron palidez palmar, astenia y sueño en horas no habituales. Todos mostraron asociación significativa con anemia (p<0,05), y fueron aplicados como preguntas a padres o tutores y contrastados con el valor de Hb. Sensibilidad y especificidad para palidez fue: 85,1 % y 85,0 %; astenia: 72,3 % y 87,7 %; sueño en horas no habituales: 68,1 % y 87,7 %; palidez más astenia o sueño: 95,7 % y 74,6 %; y debilidad más sueño: 92,5 % y 76,8 %. Se desarrolló y validó una APP para diagnóstico de anemia en niños de 2 a 5 años aplicable por padres o tutores.

SUMMARY: Anemia affects thousands of children, and to reach a diagnosis, hemoglobin (Hb) is quantified. This technique however, is not always accessible to the general population. Therefore, the availability of a validated instrument can be useful in the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to validate a mobile application (APP), to diagnose anemia in children from 2 to 5 years old, applicable by parents or guardians. Scale validation study. Through a bibliographic search, items and domains related to anemia in children were collected. Once reduced, a pilot questionnaire was constructed with three pediatric hematologists. The result was later validated by 22 experts through the application of the Likert-type scales. The validated items were contrasted with the Hb of children of 267 children from 2 to 5 years of age from the Ecuadorian Andes (2,560 meters above sea level). The association of the items with Hb and with the results obtained was determined, and the APP was constructed. 14 items were analyzed. All of them scored above the median of the distribution (35.5 points) and were valued by at least 50 % of the experts. Palmar pallor, asthenia, and sleep at unusual hours were selected. All showed a significant association with anemia (p<0.05) and were applied as questions to parents or guardians and contrasted with the Hb value. Sensitivity and specificity for pallor was: 85.1 % and 85.0 %; asthenia: 72.3 % and 87.7 %; sleep at unusual hours: 68.1 % and 87.7 %; paleness plus fatigue or sleepiness: 95.7 % and 74.6 %; and weakness plus sleep: 92.5 % and 76.8 %. An APP for the diagnosis of anemia in children from 2 to 5 years old applicable by parents or guardians was developed and validated.

Accuracy of an endodontic rotary motor with integrated apex locator to determine the root canal length / Precisão de um motor rotatório endodôntico com localizador apical integrado para determinação do comprimento radicular

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy to determine the root canal length, in vitro,of both the electronic apex locator (M2) and the autostop (AS - M3) functions of the Endus Duo Gnatus endodontic motor (Gnatus, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Methods: Thirty extracted human single-rooted premolars had their root canal lengths (TLs) up to the apical foramen determined using the Endus Duo Gnatus in two ways: (1) In the stainless steel (SS) control group, the measurement was obtained using a stainless steel hand instrument with the electronic locator mode (M2 function) connected to a stainless-steel hand instrument (K-file #15). In the NiTi rotary instrument (NiTi RI) intervention group, the measurement was obtained during the instrumentation (M3 function) of the root canals with a nickel-titanium rotary instrument (Hyflex CM: Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA), size 25/.06. The NiTi manually used instrument (NiTi MUI) Intervention group performed the measurement in locator mode using a Hyflex instrument, placed to true length manually. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The true mean length and standard deviation (SD) of the standardized root canals were 18.40 ± 2.14mm, while the mean lengths and standard deviations (SD) were 18.29 ± 1.89mm, 18.22 ± 1.85mm, and 17.24 ± 2.09mm for the SS, NiTi RI, and NiTi MUI groups, respectively. However, data from the NiTi MUI Intervention group indicated shorter root canal lengths when compared to the SS control group and the NiTi RI Intervention group values, and were significantly shorter than the true canal length (p < 0.001). Conclusions:The use of the motor in NiTi RI Intervention group showed acceptable results. However, the NiTi MUI Intervention group resulted in unacceptable short measurements.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia na determinação do comprimento do canal radicular, in vitro, das funções localizador eletrônico foraminal (M2) e auto-parada durante a instrumentação (M3) do motor endodôntico Endus Duo Gnatus ( Gnatus, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Métodos: Trinta pré-molares humanos uniradiculares extraídos tiveram seus comprimentos de canais radiculares (CRTs) até o forame apical determinados usando o Endus Duo Gnatus de duas maneiras: (1) No grupo controle de aço inoxidável (SS), a medida foi obtida usando um instrumento manual de aço inoxidável com modo de localização eletrônica foraminal (função M2) conectado a um instrumento manual de aço inoxidável (lima tipo K #15). No grupo intervenção instrumento rotatório NiTi (NiTi RI), a medida foi obtida durante a instrumentação (função M3) dos canais radiculares com instrumento rotatório de níquel-titânio (Hyflex CM: Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, EUA), tamanho 25/.06. O grupo de intervenção NiTi instrumento usado manualmente (NiTi MUI) realizou a medição no modo localizador foraminal usando um instrumento Hyflex, colocado manualmente no comprimento real do dente. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Os comprimentos reais médios dos dentes e desvios-padrão (DP) dos canais radiculares padronizados foram 18,40 ± 2,14 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios e desvios- padrão (DP) foram 18,29 ± 1,89 mm, 18,22 ± 1,85 mm e 17,24 ± 2,09 mm para os grupos SS, NiTi RI e NiTi MUI, respectivamente. No entanto, os dados do grupo de intervenção NiTi MUI indicaram comprimentos de canais radiculares mais curtos quando comparados aos valores do grupo controle SS e do grupo de intervenção NiTi RI, e foram significativamente mais curtos que o comprimento real do canal (p < 0,001). Conclusões: A utilização do motor no grupo Intervenção NiTi RI apresentou resultados aceitáveis. No entanto, o grupo de intervenção NiTi MUI resultou em medições curtas inaceitáveis.

Concordância entre as medidas aferidas de peso, altura e IMC e autorrelatadas pela internet em participantes da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1993: estudo transversal de validação / Concordancia entre medidas de peso, talla e IMC autoinformadas en internet en participantes de la Cohorte de Nascimiento de Pelotas de 1993, Brasil: estudio de validación transversal / Agreement between measured weight, height and BMI and Web-based self-reported data in participants of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil: a cross-sectional validation study

Objective: to evaluate the agreement between measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) during the 22-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and self-reported data during the online follow-up of the coortesnaweb. Methods: this was a cross-sectional validation study; agreement was assessed by means of Lin's concordance correlation coefficient for continuous measures and weighted Kappa for nutritional status; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the correlation between measurements. Results: a total of 783 participants were included; it could be seen high correlation and high agreement between the measured height (r = 0.966; ρ = 0.966), weight (r = 0.934; ρ = 0.928), and BMI (r = 0.903; ρ = 0.910) and Web-based self-reported data; there was no correlation between mean difference and the time interval between measurements. Conclusion: using the Internet to collect self-reported anthropometric measurements is as valid as the traditional method.

Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre la altura, el peso y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) medidos durante el acompañamiento de 22 años de la cohorte de nacimientos de Pelotas de 1993 y autoinformado durante el seguimiento en línea de la coortesnaweb. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Lin para medidas continuas, y de Kappa ponderado para el estado nutricional y la correlación de Spearman para la correlación entre medidas. Resultados: se incluyeron 783 participantes, con alta correlación y concordancia entre las medidas de talla (r = 0,966; ρ = 0,966), peso (r = 0,934; ρ = 0,928) e IMC (r = 0,903; ρ = 0,910) medidos y autoinformados vía web. No hubo correlación entre las diferencias de medidas y el intervalo de tiempo entre las mediciones. Conclusión: el uso de internet para recopilar variables antropométricas autoinformadas es válido en comparación con el método tradicional.

Objetivo: avaliar a concordância entre altura, peso e índice de massa corporal (IMC) aferidos durante o acompanhamento dos 22 anos da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993, e dados autorrelatados durante o acompanhamento online da coortesnaweb. Métodos: estudo transversal de validação; a concordância foi avaliada pelos coeficientes de correlação de Lin para medidas contínuas e de Kappa ponderado para o estado nutricional; utilizou-se a correlação de Spearman para estimar a correlação entre as medidas. Resultados: 783 participantes foram incluídos; observou-se alta correlação e alta concordância entre as medidas de altura (r = 0,966; ρ = 0,966), peso (r = 0,934; ρ = 0,928) e IMC (r = 0,903; ρ = 0,910) aferidas e as autorrelatadas via internet; não houve correlação entre as diferenças médias e o intervalo de tempo entre as medidas. Conclusão: utilizar a internet para coletar medidas antropométricas autorrelatadas é um método válido, comparado ao método tradicional.

Are sociodemographic and anthropometric variables effective in screening probable and confirmed sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults? A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Screening for probable and confirmed sarcopenia using sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators can be a practical, cheap, and effective strategy to identify and treat older people susceptible to this condition. OBJECTIVES: To identify cutoff points for sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in screening probable and confirmed sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults in Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: Sociodemographic (age, education) and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and dominant calf circumference [DCC]) factors were considered as predictors. The outcomes were probable sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength assessed by time ≥ 15 s in the five-time sit-to-stand test) and confirmed sarcopenia (reduction in strength and muscle mass). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to analyze the ability to track sociodemographic and anthropometric variables for sarcopenia. RESULTS: In 308 older adults, WC > 91 cm in women and age > 69 years in men were useful in screening for probable sarcopenia. The variables age, weight, BMI, WC, and DCC can be used to screen for sarcopenia in older women and men. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables are simple and accessible tools for sarcopenia screening in older adults.

Adaptação transcultural de uma escala de satisfação dos moradores com os serviços das residências terapêuticas / Transcultural adaptation of a satisfaction scale for the residents of therapeutic residences / Adaptación transcultural de una escala de satisfacción de residentes en cuanto a los servicios de residencias terapéuticas

A satisfação dos usuários constitui um dos critérios da qualidade dos serviços de saúde mental. Entretanto, há uma carência de estudos avaliando a satisfação dos moradores de residências terapêuticas (RTs) e ausência de instrumento de medida específico para este fim, no Brasil. Neste estudo, foi feita a adaptação transcultural do Questionnaire sur la Satisfaction de la Clientèle en Résidence D'Accueil (QSHS-21), para avaliar a satisfação dos moradores das RTs. O procedimento incluiu: tradução da escala original, retradução, revisão por Comitê de Especialistas e Estudo Piloto com 30 moradores de RTs do município de Barbacena/MG. Os resultados incluíram correções a partir das traduções e retraduções e adaptação da escala pelo Comitê de Especialistas, assim como modificações na redação de algumas questões, no Estudo Piloto. A versão final possui equivalência semântica e conceitual com a escala original e está adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, sendo de fácil compreensão para a população-alvo.

Users' satisfaction is a measure of mental health services quality. However, few studies evaluated residents' satisfaction regarding the Therapeutic Residences (TR) and there is no specific instrument in brazilian context for this evaluation. In this study, we made the transcultural adaptation of the Questionnaire sur la Satisfaction de la Clientèle en Résidence D'Accueil (QSHS-21), to evaluate the residents' satisfaction in the TR. The procedure included: translation of the original scale, re-translation, analyses by an Expert Commitee and a Pilot Study with 30 TR residents in the city of Barbacena-MG. Results showed corrections of the translations and retranslations and adaptation of the scale by the Expert Commitee and modifications in the questions wording during the Pilot Study. The final version of the scale has semantic and conceptual equivalence with the original scale, is adapted to the brazilian context and is easy to understand by the target population.

La satisfacción de los usuarios es un criterio de calidad de los servicios de salud mental. Sin embargo, faltan estudios que evalúen la satisfacción de los residentes de residencias terapéuticas (RTs) y en Brasil hay ausencia de un instrumento de medición específico para este fin. Este estudio adaptó el Questionnaire sur la Satisfaction de la Clientèle en Résidence D'Accueil (QSHS-21), para evaluar la satisfacción de los residentes de las RTs. El procedimiento incluyó: traducción de la escala original, retraducción, revisión por el Comité de Especialistas y Estudio Piloto con 30 residentes en Barbacena-MG. Los resultados mostraron correcciones de traducciones y retraducciones, y adaptación de la escala por parte del Comité de Especialistas, y cambios en la redacción de las preguntas, en el Estudio Piloto. La versión final tiene equivalencia semántica y conceptual con la escala original y está adaptada al contexto brasileño, siendo de fácil comprensión para el público de RTs.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Individuals According to their Sex, Type of Cardiac Device, and Diagnosis of Chagas Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators are alternatives for the treatment of arrhythmias, however, their use has caused changes in the emotional state of patients. The objective of this study was to compare the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals according to their sex, type of cardiac device, and diagnosis of Chagas disease. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted with adults with implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We used the Student's t-test for independent samples and the Chi-squared test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Two hundred forty-four patients participated in the study, 168 with cardiac pacemakers and 76 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators; 104 had Chagas cardiomyopathy (85 with cardiac pacemakers and 19 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators). No statistically significant differences were found in measures of anxiety and depression symptoms according to device type (P=0.594 and P=0.071, respectively) and the presence of Chagas etiology (P=0.649 and P=0.354, respectively). Women had higher mean scores for anxiety (P=0.002) and depression symptoms (P<0.001). Conclusion: In the comparison between the groups, according to the type of implanted device and the diagnosis of Chagas disease, no significant differences were found in the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. Women showed higher means when compared to men, indicating the need to test and implement interventions to minimize these symptoms in this population.

Bloqueadores do Receptor de Angiotensina Avaliados por Medida de Consultório e Residencial da Pressão Arterial. Estudo TeleMRPA / Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Evaluated by Office and Home Blood Pressure Measurements. TeleHBPM Study

Resumo Fundamento O tratamento adequado e a obtenção das metas na hipertensão arterial são importantes na redução dos desfechos cardiovasculares. Objetivos Descrever os bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina (BRA) em monoterapia ou combinação dupla e a taxa de controle da hipertensão arterial. Métodos Estudo transversal que avaliou pacientes em uso de BRA entre 2017 e 2020. Foram excluídos aqueles em uso de três ou mais anti-hipertensivos. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, medidas válidas da medida residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA); pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) obtidas pela MRPA e de forma casual; variabilidade pressórica; classe dos anti-hipertensivos e dos BRAs. Foram utilizados testes de t pareado, qui-quadrado e Fisher, além de sobreposição dos intervalos de confiança de 95% com nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados Foram selecionados 17.013 pacientes; destes, 12.813 preencheram os critérios, dos quais 62,1% eram do sexo feminino. O número médio de medidas válidas foi de 23,3 (±2,0), com médias para a PAS de 126,8±15,8 mmHg e 133,5±20,1 mmHg (p < 0,001) e para a PAD de 79,1±9,7 mmHg e 83,6±11,9 mmHg (p < 0,001) pela MRPA e medida casual, respectivamente. Losartana foi o BRA mais utilizado e o que apresentou comportamentos mais elevados da pressão arterial. As combinações de BRA com diuréticos ou com antagonistas de canal de cálcio tiveram menores valores de pressão arterial. Conclusões Losartana foi utilizada em mais da metade dos pacientes, apesar de ser a menos eficiente na redução e no controle da pressão arterial.

Abstract Background Adequate treatment of arterial hypertension and achieving arterial hypertension goals in are important in reducing cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives To describe angiotensin receptor blockers in monotherapy or double combination therapy and the rate of arterial hypertension control. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated patients who were using angiotensin receptor blockers between 2017 and 2020. Those using three or more antihypertensive drugs were excluded. The analyzed variables included sex, age, body mass index, valid home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) measurements, casual and HBPM systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, blood pressure variability, and antihypertensive and angiotensin receptor blocker class. Paired t, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used, as well as overlapping 95% confidence intervals and a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results Of 17,013 patients, 12,813 met the inclusion criteria, 62.1% of whom were female. The mean number of valid measurements was 23.3 (SD, 2.0). The mean HBPM and casual measurements for systolic blood pressure were 126.8 (SD, 15.8) mmHg and 133.5 (SD, 20.1) mmHg (p <0.001), respectively, while those for diastolic blood pressure were 79.1 (SD, 9.7 mmHg) and 83.6 (SD, 11.9) mmHg (p <0.001), respectively. Losartan was the most common angiotensin receptor blocker and resulted in the highest blood pressure values. Combinations of angiotensin receptor blockers with diuretics or calcium channel antagonists resulted in lower blood pressure values. Conclusions More than half of the patients used losartan, although it was the least efficient drug for reducing and controlling blood pressure.

Association between neck circumference and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: cross-sectional analysis from ELSA-Brasil

Abstract BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health problem worldwide. Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric adiposity parameter that has been correlated with cardiometabolic disorders like NAFLD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between NC and NAFLD, considering their obesity-modifying effect, among participants from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline study. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Cross-sectional study at the ELSA-Brasil centers of six public research institutions. METHODS: This analysis was conducted on 5,187 women and 4,270 men of mean age 51.8 (± 9.2) years. Anthropometric indexes (NC, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index [BMI]), biochemical and clinical parameters (diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and hepatic ultrasound were measured. The association between NC and NAFLD was estimated using multinomial logistic regression, considering potential confounding effects (age, WC, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia). Effect modification was investigated by including the interaction term NC x BMI in the final model. RESULTS: The frequency of NAFLD and mean value of NC were 33.6% and 33.9 (± 2.5) cm in women, and 45.8% and 39.4 (± 2.8) cm in men, respectively. Even after all adjustments, larger NC was associated with a greater chance of moderate/severe NAFLD (1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] for women; 1.05, 95% CI for men; P < 0.001). Presence of multiplicative interaction between NC and BMI (P < 0.001) was also observed. CONCLUSION: NC was positively associated with NAFLD in both sexes, regardless of traditional adiposity indexes such as BMI and WC. The magnitude of the association was more pronounced among women.

Relationship between tube voltage kV value for head and neck CT angiography and body weight / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between tube voltage kV value for head and neck CT angiography and body weight.Methods:A total of 120 patients with suspected vascular disease of the head and neck who underwent CT angiography of the head and neck in Beihai People's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2022 were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to different tube voltages: group A (tube voltage 120 kV, n = 45), group B (tube voltage 100 kV, n = 45) and group C (tube voltage 80 kV, n = 30). Patients in group A were divided into group A1 (< 70 kg, n = 15), group A2 (70-85 kg, n = 15) and group A3 (> 85 kg, n = 15) according to different body weights. Patients in group B were divided into group B1 (< 70 kg, n = 15), group B2 (70-85 kg, n = 15) and group B3 (> 85 kg, n = 15) according to different body weights. Patients in group C were divided into group C1 (< 70 kg, n = 15) and group C2 (70-85 kg, n = 15) according to different body weights. Group C3 was not used. The contrast medium used was Loversol. The CT value, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio, and effective radiation dose of arterial vessels in each group were measured. The images were subjectively evaluated by two physicians who had senior professional titles using a 5-point rating scale. Results:Subjective score of image quality was all ≥ 3 grade in each group. There was no significant difference in image quality rating between groups A1 and A2 and groups B1, B2, and C1. There was a remarkable difference in image quality rating between groups A3, B3, and C2 and the other groups. There was a significant difference in the CT value of blood vessels at four different levels between groups A1, B1 and C1 ( F = 76.82, 64.62, 98.79, 71.85, all P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in CT value of blood vessels at four different levels between groups A2, B2 and C2 ( F = 159.82, 112.33, 108.22, 135.18, all P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in CT value of blood vessels at four different levels between groups A3 and B3 ( t = 4.40, 4.27, 3.91, 3.59, all P < 0.05). In groups B3 and C2, the image noise was remarkably increased, signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio were remarkably decreased compared with those in the other groups. The effective radiation dose of arterial vessels in group B1 was 47% lower than that in group A1 and the effective radiation dose of arterial vessels in group C1 was 73% lower than that in group A1 ( F = 116.18, P < 0.001). The effective radiation dose of arterial vessels in group B2 was 49% lower than that in group A2, and the effective radiation dose of arterial vessels in group C2 was 66% lower than that in group A2 ( H = 35.40, P < 0.001). The effective radiation dose in group B3 was 35% lower than that in group A3 ( t = 3.59, P < 0.05). Conclusion:In CT angiography of the head and neck, the selection of tube voltage kV value is related to body weight. Tube voltage 80 kV is suitable for patients with a body weight < 70 kg, tube voltage 100 kV for patients with a body weight of 70-85 kg, and tube voltage 120 kV for patients with a body weight > 85 kg. These tube voltages can decrease effective radiation dose and ensure image quality, meeting the requirement for clinical diagnosis.

Medidas antropométricas orofaciais de recém-nascidos e sua relação com sexo, peso e altura / Anthropometric orofacial measures of newborns and their relationship with sex, weight and height

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar as medidas antropométricas orofaciais, com peso, altura e sexo de recém-nascidos. Método Estudo transversal observacional realizado com 130 recém-nascidos em aleitamento materno exclusivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por fonoaudiólogas devidamente treinadas e calibradas. As medidas orofaciais dos recém-nascidos foram realizadas com uma régua maleável e transparente de 10 cm de comprimento, nos seguintes segmentos: alturas do terço superior (tr-g), do terço médio (g-sn) e do terço inferior da face (sn-gn); altura do filtro (sn-Is); distância entre o canto do olho e a comissura labial do lado direito e esquerdo (ex-ch). A medida do peso e da altura foram coletadas nos prontuários dos recém-nascidos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, sendo aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Dos 130 recém-nascidos, 61 eram do sexo masculino e 69 do sexo feminino. A mediana do peso foi de 3,3 kg e da altura de 49 cm. Houve diferença significativa entre o peso e a medida da distância entre o canto do olho e a comissura labial do lado direito e esquerdo (ex-ch). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa das medidas orofaciais com sexo e altura. Conclusão Não houve diferença nas medidas antropométricas orofaciais de recém-nascidos a termo quando comparadas com sexo e altura; porém, quando comparadas com peso, há diferença nas medidas da distância entre o canto do olho e a comissura labial do lado direito e esquerdo.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare orofacial anthropometric measurements, with weight, height and sex of newborns. Methods Observational cross-sectional study carried out with 130 newborns on exclusive breastfeeding. Data collection was performed by properly trained and calibrated speech therapists. The orofacial measurements of the newborns were performed with flexible and transparent ruler 10 cm long, in the following segments: heights of the upper third(tr-g), the middle third(g-sn) and the lower third on the face (sn-gn); filter height (sn-Is), distance between the corner of the eye and the labial commissure on the right and left side (ex-ch). Weight and height measurements were collected from the newborns' medical records. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, using the Mann-Whitney test, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results Of the 130 newborns, 61 were male and 69 female. The median weight was 3.3 kg and the median height was 49 cm. There was significant difference between weight and measurement distance between the corner of the eye and the left and right labial commissure (ex-ch). There was no significant difference in orofacial measurements with sex and height. Conclusion There was no difference in orofacial anthropometric measurements of full-term newborns when compared with sex and height; however, when compared to weight, there is a difference in the measurements of the distance between the corner of the eye and the labial commissure on the right and left side.

Development and validation of quality of life scale for people living with HIV / Elaboración y validación de la escala de calidad de vida de personas viviendo con SIDA / Elaboração e validação da escala de qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a scale to measure the quality of life of people living with HIV in Brazil. Method: methodological study conducted in a Brazilian care service specialized in sexually transmissible infections/AIDS between 2017 and 2019 addressing people living with HIV. The scale's development and validation included exploratory factor analysis to describe its factor structure and psychometric properties, Multitrait-Multimethod analysis to verify its validity and Cronbach's alpha for reliability. Floor and ceiling effects were described according to the responses' frequency distribution. Results: a total of 460 people living with HIV participated. Most were men 276 (60.0%) aged 43 on average (SD=±12.4). The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed four factors with 39.9% of explained variance. The total scale presented satisfactory reliability with a Cronbach's alpha equal to 85.0%. Most items presented satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. The presence of floor and ceiling effects were found. The scale's final version was composed of 45 items. Conclusion: the Quali-HIV Scale is a valid and reliable tool to measure the quality of life of people living with HIV.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar y validar una escala para medir la calidad de vida de personas viviendo con SIDA en Brasil. Método: investigación metodológica realizada en un servicio brasileño de atención especializada en infección sexualmente transmisible/SIDA, entre 2017 y 2019, y que contempló la participación de personas viviendo con SIDA. El proceso de elaboración y validación de la escala comprendió a descripción de la estructura factorial, por medio del análisis factorial exploratorio y propiedades psicométricas, según el análisis Multi-característica Multi-método para validez, y Alfa de Cronbach para confiabilidad. Efectos floor y ceiling fueron descritos según distribución de frecuencias de las respuestas. Resultados: participaron 460 personas que viven con SIDA. La mayoría de los participantes era del sexo masculino 276 (60,0%) y la media de edades fue 43 años (DE=±12,4). En el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio fueron extraídos cuatro factores con variancia explicada de 39,9%. La confiabilidad de la escala total fue satisfactoria con Alfa de Cronbach igual a 85,0%. La mayoría de los ítems presentó validez convergente y divergente satisfactoria. Se observó la presencia de los efectos floor y ceiling en las respuestas. La versión final de la escala estuvo compuesta por 45 ítems. Conclusión: la Escala Quali-SIDA puede ser considerada una herramienta válida y fidedigna para mensurar a calidad de vida de personas que viven con SIDA.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar uma escala para mensurar a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV no Brasil. Método: pesquisa metodológica realizada em um serviço brasileiro de atenção especializada em infecção sexualmente transmissível/Aids, entre 2017 e 2019, e que contemplou a participação de pessoas vivendo com HIV. O processo de elaboração e validação da escala compreendeu a descrição da estrutura fatorial, por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e propriedades psicométricas, segundo a análise Multitraço Multimétodo para validade, e Alfa de Cronbach para fidedignidade. Efeitos floor e ceiling foram descritos segundo distribuição de frequências das respostas. Resultados: participaram 460 pessoas que vivem com HIV. A maioria dos participantes é do sexo masculino 276 (60,0%) e a média de idade foi 43 anos (DP=±12,4). Na Análise Fatorial Exploratória foram extraídos quatro fatores com variância explicada de 39,9%. A fidedignidade da escala total foi satisfatória com Alfa de Cronbach igual a 85,0%. A maioria dos itens apresentou validades convergente e divergente satisfatórias. Observou-se a presença dos efeitos floor e ceiling nas respostas. A versão final da escala foi composta por 45 itens. Conclusão: a Escala Quali-HIV pode ser considerada uma ferramenta válida e fidedigna para mensurar a qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Qingxin Lianzi Yin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Qingxin Lianzi Yin （QXLZY）， as an ancient classical formula for clearing the heart and nourishing the Yin， was composed of nine herbs （Scutellariae Radix， Ophiopogonis Radix， Lycii Cortex， Plantaginis Semen， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle， Nelumbinis Semen， Poria， Astragali Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma）， coming from Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy. It could clear away the heart-fire， promote the interaction of the heart and kidney， replenish Qi and Yin， and stop strangury-turbidity. It was used to treat gonorrhea of urination， seminal emission， restlessness， wasting-thirst and so on. At present， the usage and dosage of QXLZY and its addition and subtraction are different in clinical practice. Most of the studies just focus on its clinical efficacy， and there is few review literature reflecting its historical evolution. Based on this， this paper systematically clarified the historical evolution， composition， preparation， interpretation， function， and modern clinical application of QXLZY. This work has been explained the historical evolution of QXLZY， and found that it was wildly used in modern clinical， especially suitable for the treatment of chronic urinary system diseases. At the same time， QXLZY also had significant therapeutic effects on neurasthenia， stomatitis， diabetic nephropathy and other aspects. Through the comprehensive analysis of ancient and modern literature， this work explores the true connotation of QXLZY from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine theory， which can point out the direction of the clinical application and positioning of this famous classical formula after it comes into the market， and also can provide reference basis for its subsequent in-depth research and development.

The association between obesity measurement indices and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome of abnormal lipid deposition in hepatocytes, and with the improvement of living standards, the incidence rate of NAFLD has reached a worrying level. Several anthropometric indicators, including waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio, have been used in the evaluation of obesity and the correlation study of various metabolic diseases. This article introduces the association between NAFLD and various anthropometric indicators for obesity and points out that anthropometric indicators for obesity can be used for the prevention and control of NAFLD.

The association between obesity measurement indices and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome of abnormal lipid deposition in hepatocytes, and with the improvement of living standards, the incidence rate of NAFLD has reached a worrying level. Several anthropometric indicators, including waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio, have been used in the evaluation of obesity and the correlation study of various metabolic diseases. This article introduces the association between NAFLD and various anthropometric indicators for obesity and points out that anthropometric indicators for obesity can be used for the prevention and control of NAFLD.

International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) Global: international accreditation scheme of the competent anthropometrist / Sociedade Internacional para o Avanço da Cineantropometria (ISAK) Global: esquema internacional de acreditação do antropometrista competente

Abstract The anthropometric assessment of a person or population is used by professionals from different areas (health, sports, education, ergonomics, engineering), and the quality of the measures obtained by them determines the success of their interventions. This point of view aims to underline the importance of training these professionals through The International Anthropometry Accreditation Scheme (IAAS) implemented by The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), which aims to create and maintain an international network of professionals updated continuously from the practical and scientific point of view in the anthropometric measurement of excellence. We describe the four-level hierarchical structure of IAAS, which is guided by the rules defined in the ISAK Handbook and the anthropometric procedures described in the ISAK manuals, as well as the importance and functionality of the ISAK website. It is suggested that an ISAK mobile app be developed to, among other things, facilitate communication among its members, streamline data management of accreditation courses and increase the organization's international projection.

Resumo A avaliação antropométrica, de uma pessoa ou população, é utilizada por profissionais de diferentes áreas (saúde, desporto, educação, ergonomia, engenharia), sendo a qualidade das medidas por eles obtida determinante para o sucesso das suas intervenções. O objetivo deste ponto de vista é salientar a importância da formação destes profissionais através do Esquema Internacional de Acreditação em Antropometria/ International Anthropometry Accreditation Scheme (IAAS) implementado pela Sociedade Internacional para o Avanço da Cineantropometria/ International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), entidade que tem o propósito de criar e manter uma rede internacional de profissionais constantemente atualizados do ponto de vista prático e científico na medição antropométrica de excelência. Descrevemos a estrutura hierárquica de quatro níveis do IAAS, que se orienta pelas regras definidas no Handbook ISAK e pelos procedimentos antropométricos descritos nos manuais ISAK, e ainda a importância e funcionalidades do saite da ISAK. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel da ISAK para, entre outras coisas, facilitar a comunicação entre seus membros, otimizar o gerenciamento de dados dos cursos de acreditação e aumentar a projeção internacional da organização.

Judo performance: kinanthropometric importance for technical tactical and biomechanics / Análise de performance no judô: considerações cineantropométricas e biomecânicas

Abstract In such a competitive combat sport as judo, it is important that the training is carefully planned so that the athlete can stand out in the international competition. In this context, it is important that the trainer and evaluator are accurate regarding the measures taken of the athlete. Such measures, when correctly performed, can prepare the trainer with tools that allow prescribing contextualized training. The present point of view will show how kinanthropometric variables can be considered by coaches and evaluators when performing technical-tactical and biomechanical analysis in judo athletes. There are differences between sex and weight divisions as to the actions that are prevalent in each one of the categories. Lighter divisions performances must have specific training regarding approach and gripping. Attention should be paid to anticipation in athletes of the light and middle divisions. The rating of force development is the most important biomechanical measure.

Resumo Em uma modalidade esportiva de combate tão competitiva como o judô é importante que o treinamento seja planejado minuciosamente para que um atleta possa se destacar no cenário competitivo internacional. Neste contexto, é importante que o treinador e avaliador sejam precisos quanto as medidas realizadas no atleta. Tais medidas, quando corretamente realizadas, podem municiar o treinador com ferramentas que permitam prescrever treinamentos contextualizados. O presente ponto de vista apresentará como variáveis cineantropométricas podem ser consideradas por treinadores e avaliadores ao realizarem análises técnico-táticas e biomecânicas em atletas de judô. Existem diferenças entre sexo e categorias de peso quanto às ações que são predominantes. Categorias mais leves realizam devem realizar treinos específicos quanto ao approach e pegada. Deve-se dedicar atenção a antecipação em atletas das categorias leves e médio. A taxa de desenvolvimento de força é a variável biomecânica mais importante

Measurement of wound area for early analysis of the scar predictive factor / Mensuração da área de feridas para análise precoce do fator preditivo cicatricial / Medición del área de heridas para el análisis temprano del factor predictivo de cicatriz

Objective: to evaluate the use of the 2D-FlexRuler as a facilitating tool for the early calculation of the predictive scar factor of chronic wounds. Method: a descriptive study with a quantitative, experimental, longitudinal and prospective approach. The sample consisted of 22 outpatients. 32 chronic wounds were analyzed. The wound edges were identified and drawn on the 2D-FlexRuler. The calculations of the areas of chronic wounds were obtained by manual, traditional methods, by software and Matlab algorithm. These areas were compared with each other to determine the efficiency of the proposed ruler in relation to traditional methods. Results: the calculation of the wound area by the traditional method and Kundin's coefficient show average errors greater than 40%. The manual estimation of the area with the 2D-FlexRuler is more accurate in relation to traditional measurement methods, which were considered quantitatively disqualified. When compared with the reference method, for example, the Klonk software, the data obtained by 2D-FlexRuler resulted in an error of less than 1.0%. Conclusion: the 2D-FlexRuler is a reliable metric platform for obtaining the anatomical limits of chronic wounds. It facilitated the calculation of the wound area under monitoring and allowed to obtain the scar predictive factor of chronic wounds with precocity in two weeks.

Objetivo: avaliar o uso da régua 2D-FlexRuler como ferramenta facilitadora para o cálculo precoce do fator preditivo cicatricial de feridas crônicas. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, experimental, longitudinal e prospectiva. A amostra foi de 22 pacientes ambulatoriais. Foram analisadas 32 feridas crônicas. As bordas das feridas foram identificadas e desenhadas na 2D-FlexRuler. Os cálculos das áreas das feridas crônicas foram obtidos pelos métodos manuais, tradicionais, por softwares e algoritmo Matlab. Essas áreas foram comparadas entre si para determinar a eficiência da régua proposta em relação aos métodos tradicionais. Resultados: o cálculo da área da ferida pelo método tradicional e coeficiente de Kundin demonstram erros médios maiores do que 40%. A estimativa manual da área com a 2D-FlexRuler é mais exata em relação aos métodos tradicionais de medição, os quais foram considerados quantitativamente desqualificados. Quando comparada com o método de referência, i.e., o software Klonk, os dados obtidos pela 2D-FlexRuler resultaram em um erro menor que 1,0%. Conclusão: a régua 2D-FlexRuler é uma plataforma métrica confiável para a obtenção dos limites anatômicos de feridas crônicas. Facilitou o cálculo da área da ferida sob monitoramento e permitiu obter o fator preditivo cicatricial de feridas crônicas com precocidade em duas semanas.

Objetivo: evaluar el uso de la regla 2D-FlexRuler como herramienta facilitadora para el cálculo temprano del factor predictivo de cicatrices en heridas crónicas. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra consistió en 22 pacientes ambulatorios. Se analizaron 32 heridas crónicas. Los bordes de la herida fueron identificados y dibujados en 2D-FlexRuler. Los cálculos de las áreas de heridas crónicas se obtuvieron por métodos manuales, tradicionales, por software y algoritmo Matlab. Estas áreas se compararon entre sí para determinar la eficiencia de la regla propuesta en relación con los métodos tradicionales. Resultados: el cálculo del área de la herida por el método tradicional y el coeficiente de Kundin muestran errores promedio superiores al 40%. La estimación manual del área con 2D-FlexRuler es más precisa en relación con los métodos de medición tradicionales, que se consideraron descalificados cuantitativamente. Al ser comparados con el método de referencia, es decir, el software Klonk, los datos obtenidos por 2D-FlexRuler arrojaron un error de menos del 1,0%. Conclusión: la regla 2D-FlexRuler es una plataforma métrica confiable para obtener los límites anatómicos de las heridas crónicas. Facilitó el cálculo del área de la herida bajo monitoreo y permitió obtener el factor predictivo de cicatriz de heridas crónicas con precocidad en dos semanas.